Co-Parenting App for Iowa Parents

What Iowa courts consider in custody decisions

Iowa courts apply a rebuttable presumption that joint legal custody is in the child's best interest. Under § 598.41(3), factors include whether each parent would be a suitable custodian, whether the psychological and emotional needs and development of the child will suffer due to lack of active contact with both parents, whether parents can communicate with each other regarding the child's needs, whether both parents have actively cared for the child, whether each parent can support the other's relationship with the child, and the geographic proximity of the parents. Iowa uniquely distinguishes between 'legal custody' (decision-making) and 'physical care' (residential arrangements), and a parent's denial of the other's visitation rights is specifically considered.

How the custody process works in Iowa

Iowa custody cases are filed in District Court. The state uses 'physical care' rather than 'physical custody,' which may be joint or awarded primarily to one parent. Courts may order mediation and frequently refer cases to Family Law Early Neutral Evaluation programs. The court may appoint a guardian ad litem to investigate and report on custody issues. Iowa requires 60 days' advance notice before a custodial parent can relocate 150 miles or more from the other parent.

Key Iowa custody statutes

• Iowa Code § 598.41
• Iowa Code § 598.41A
• Iowa Code § 598.21D